that does help a bit, but poses a challenge. In the end, some credential is needed to read from storage.
So one question would be how you access the service principal credentials, and what your working environment is. It seems the service principal could be used to access the unity catalogue and read the tables metadata. However, if that SP does not have storage access, it cannot be used to actually read the table. Within a databricks environment, it may then be, that some managed identitiy dies the actual reading of the storage, and databricks figures out if you may read a table via unity catalog - so it makes sure that "all powerful" credentials (the managed identity) is only used to access tables your identity has access to...
While delta-rs can also use managed identity credentials, I doubt that we can access that identity within databricks, since that would provide a very easy means to circumvent permissions set in unity.
maybe you could as the platform team, if they envision scenarios to also read tables from any environment outside of databricks?
Of course this answer still contains a lot of assumtions ... In case they do not provide that right now, setting up delta sharing might be a way to get direct read access to the files, and process data in external environments.